Hungarian Quality Journal

Energy price fluctuations as risk factors in the bread production supply chain and how to manage them – Hungary vs. Germany

Metadata

Author(s): Varga János, Plötz Anita

DOI: https://doi.org/10.65513/MaMi.2025.12.37

Publisher: Nemzetközi Oktatási és Kutatási Központ Alapítvány

Volume: December 2025.

Volume number: 34

Issue number: 12

Journal: Hungarian Quality Journal

ISSN (Print): ISSN 1416‑9576

ISSN (Online): ISSN 1789-5510

Pages: 37–53

Keywords: energy prices, bread production, suplly chain, energy efficiency, geopolitical effects

Abstract

This study examines the economic effects of energy price changes on the bread production supply chain, with a particular focus on the comparison between Hungary and Germany. The research analyzes the development of electricity and gas prices between 2020 and 2024, showing how fluctuations affect agricultural production, the milling industry, and bread production. The different energy policy strategies of the two countries, as well as geopolitical events such as the Russian-Ukrainian war, played a significant role in price developments. Based on the results of the empirical analysis, seasonal fluctuations in electricity and diesel prices were more moderate in Germany, while price volatility was more pronounced in Hungary, especially for industrial consumers. The study points out that in order to achieve long-term stability, it is essential for both countries to increase energy efficiency and integrate renewable energy sources.

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